（一）穴居性和夜行性

（1） Cave dwelling and nocturnal

長毛兔是家兔的一個類型，由野兔馴化而來，具有穴居本能，這是它們的祖先為了創(chuàng)造棲息環(huán)境和防御敵害而采取的措施，并能將此特性遺傳給后代。馴化的長毛兔仍有這種習性，如果在泥土地平養(yǎng)，要嚴加控制打洞舊習重演。籠養(yǎng)后使其無法打洞，便于大規(guī)模集約化飼養(yǎng)，但仍未能改變穴居的遺傳特性。

The long haired rabbit is a type of rabbit that was domesticated from wild rabbits and has a burrowing instinct. This is a measure taken by their ancestors to create a habitat and defend against enemies, and they can pass on this characteristic to their offspring. Domesticated long haired rabbits still have this habit. If they are raised flat in mud, it is necessary to strictly control the recurrence of the old habit of burrowing. After being kept in captivity, it was unable to drill holes, making it easier for large-scale intensive breeding, but it still failed to change the genetic characteristics of cave dwelling.

野生兔體小、力弱，防御能力小，在長期自然選擇的作用下，形成白天伏于洞中，夜間四處活動覓食。長毛兔在人工飼養(yǎng)條件下，白日多靜伏籠中，閉目養(yǎng)神，夜間十分活躍，頻繁采食飲水。據(jù)測定，長毛兔夜間采食和飲水時間約占一晝夜的70%。為此，在飼養(yǎng)管理過程中，要合理安排飼養(yǎng)日程，夜間要供應充足的草料，白天盡量不要妨礙其休息和睡眠，非常在炎熱的夏天更應如此。

Wild rabbits are small in size, weak in strength, and have weak defense abilities. Under long-term natural selection, they form a habit of lying in their burrows during the day and wandering around for food at night. Under artificial breeding conditions, long haired rabbits often rest in their cages during the day, close their eyes to nourish their minds, and are very active at night, frequently feeding and drinking water. According to measurements, the feeding and drinking time of long haired rabbits at night accounts for about 70% of the day and night. Therefore, in the process of feeding management, it is necessary to arrange the feeding schedule reasonably, provide sufficient forage at night, and try not to disturb their rest and sleep during the day, especially in hot summer.

（二）膽小怕受驚

（2） Cowardly and afraid of being frightened

長毛兔膽小，遇到敵害時，可借助敏銳的聽覺和彎曲的脊柱迅速逃跑。平日若遇到異常聲音，常豎耳靜聽，或驚慌失措，或亂蹦亂跳，有時發(fā)出很響的頓足聲，以向“同伴”警告。受驚嚇的妊娠兔容易流產(chǎn)；正在分娩的母兔受驚，會咬死或吃掉初生仔兔。

The long haired rabbit is timid and can quickly escape with the help of its sharp hearing and curved spine when encountering enemies. If encountering abnormal sounds on weekdays, one often stands up and listens quietly, or panics or jumps around randomly, sometimes making a loud stomping sound to warn their "companions". Scared pregnant rabbits are prone to miscarriage; A mother rabbit giving birth is frightened and may bite or eat its newborn offspring.

哺乳母兔受驚拒絕哺乳；正在采食的兔受驚，往往停止采食。所以，在選擇場地時，要遠離交通要道，避免各種噪音的干擾。在飼養(yǎng)過程中，人的動作要輕、穩(wěn)，盡量保持兔舍安靜。嚴防狗、貓等動物竄入兔舍，影響兔的正常生活。

The nursing mother rabbit is frightened and refuses to breastfeed; Rabbits that are feeding are frightened and often stop feeding. So, when choosing a venue, it is important to stay away from traffic arteries and avoid interference from various noises. During the breeding process, human movements should be light and stable, and the rabbit house should be kept as quiet as possible. Strictly prevent animals such as dogs and cats from entering the rabbit house, which may affect the normal life of the rabbits.

（三）怕熱耐寒，喜歡干燥

（3） Afraid of heat and cold, prefers dryness

長毛兔與肉兔、皮兔相比較，被毛濃密、纖維細長，體表熱量不易散發(fā)。加之汗腺出彩不發(fā)達，體溫調(diào)節(jié)熱量的能力很差，使得長筆兔非常怕熱。由于被毛密度大，抗寒能力相對較強。但對仔兔應注意保溫，因為仔兔體裸，熱量散發(fā)快，低溫會給它帶來不良影響。以在兔舍結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、飼養(yǎng)密度上均應注意。

Compared with meat rabbits and skin rabbits, long haired rabbits have dense fur, slender fibers, and are less likely to emit surface heat. In addition, the sweat glands are extremely underdeveloped, and the ability to regulate body temperature and heat is very poor, making the Long Pen Rabbit very afraid of heat. Due to its high wool density, it has relatively strong cold resistance. But for young rabbits, attention should be paid to insulation, because their bodies are naked and heat is dissipated quickly. Low temperatures can have adverse effects on them. Attention should be paid to the structure design and feeding density of the rabbit house.

夏季做好防暑，冬季搞好保暖，仔兔窩中心溫度霽保持在30-32℃范圍內(nèi)。長毛兔喜歡清潔下燥的環(huán)境，成年兔有固定的地方排糞、排尿習慣，并且常用舌頭舔拭自己的前肢和其他部位的被毛，清除身上的污垢。潮濕的環(huán)境容易使兔感染各種疾病。因此，兔舍應建在地勢高燥的地方，平日要經(jīng)常清掃兔舍衛(wèi)生，保持清潔干燥的生活環(huán)境。

Take measures to prevent heatstroke in summer and keep warm in winter, keeping the temperature at the center of the rabbit's nest within the range of 30-32 ℃. Long haired rabbits like to clean dry environments. Adult rabbits have a fixed habit of defecating and urinating, and often use their tongue to lick and wipe the fur on their forelimbs and other parts to remove dirt from their bodies. A damp environment can easily infect rabbits with various diseases. Therefore, the rabbit house should be built in a high and dry area, and the rabbit house should be regularly cleaned for hygiene on weekdays to maintain a clean and dry living environment.

（四）喜歡啃咬硬物

（4） Likes to gnaw on hard objects

長毛兔的齒塑屬雙門齒型，門齒中的第一對牙叫“恒齒”，初生仔兔就有恒齒，且以后不斷生長，建議通過啃咬硬物將其磨平，才能使上下頜齒面吻合。長毛兔啃咬硬物的習慣，與鼠類相似，被稱為嚙齒行為。

The tooth shape of the long haired rabbit belongs to the double door tooth type, and the first pair of teeth in the front teeth is called "permanent teeth". Newborn rabbits have permanent teeth and continue to grow. They must be ground flat by biting hard objects to make the upper and lower teeth match. The habit of long haired rabbits gnawing on hard objects, similar to rodents, is known as rodent behavior.

長毛兔的這種習性，經(jīng)常損壞籠具及附屬設(shè)備，為了避免此類現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，往往在籠中放一些粗硬的樹枝，任其自由啃咬磨牙。在設(shè)計和建造兔舍時，籠門的邊框，產(chǎn)仔箱的邊緣，以及凡能被兔啃咬的地方，采取加固措施，如是木質(zhì)兔籠，需在籠內(nèi)木條上加封鐵皮，以防損壞兔籠。

The habit of long haired rabbits often damages the cage and ancillary equipment. In order to avoid this phenomenon, thick and hard branches are often placed in the cage, allowing them to freely gnaw and grind their teeth. When designing and constructing a rabbit house, reinforcement measures should be taken on the frame of the cage door, the edge of the litter box, and any areas that can be bitten by rabbits. If it is a wooden rabbit cage, iron sheet should be added to the wooden bars inside the cage to prevent damage to the cage.

（五）性情溫順，群居性差

（5） Mild temperament and poor social skills

長毛兔性情溫順，可任人撫摸或捕捉，非常適合籠養(yǎng)和家庭飼養(yǎng)。但在某些情況下，也會產(chǎn)生異常行為，如母兔產(chǎn)仔或帶仔時拒絕捕捉，并出現(xiàn)攻擊行為，此時不要捕捉母兔。當遇到敵害或四肢被地板夾住時，常發(fā)出尖叫聲，在設(shè)計籠舍地板間距時要非常講究。當長毛兔發(fā)怒或向同伴和仔兔發(fā)出警告時，往往用后肢猛頓地板。

The long haired rabbit has a gentle temperament and can be caressed or captured by people, making it particularly suitable for cage and family breeding. But in some cases, abnormal behavior may also occur, such as the mother rabbit refusing to catch when giving birth or carrying offspring, and exhibiting aggressive behavior. At this time, do not capture the mother rabbit. When encountering enemies or limbs being sandwiched by the floor, a sharp cry is often made, and special attention should be paid to designing the spacing between cage floors. When a long haired rabbit gets angry or issues a warning to its companions and offspring, it often uses its hind limbs to forcefully hit the floor.

管理時飼養(yǎng)人員的動作要輕，以防兔受驚發(fā)怒。長毛兔群居性差，在群養(yǎng)情況下，公、母之間或同性別之間，經(jīng)常發(fā)生劇烈的斗毆。在管理上對種公兔、妊娠、哺乳母兔應單籠詞養(yǎng)，對生產(chǎn)兔應分群管理，且以3-5只一群為宜。

During management, the actions of the breeders should be gentle to prevent the rabbits from getting scared and angry. Long haired rabbits have poor social behavior and often engage in violent fights between males, females, or same-sex individuals in group breeding. In terms of management, breeding male rabbits, pregnant and lactating female rabbits should be kept in a single cage, while production rabbits should be managed in groups, with a suitable group of 3-5 rabbits.