在兔子的世界里，有一個(gè)品種以其驚人的毛量和蓬松的外形獨(dú)樹一幟——它就是安哥拉兔（Angora Rabbit）。這種被網(wǎng)友戲稱為“草泥兔”的小動(dòng)物，憑借一身濃密細(xì)長(zhǎng)的毛發(fā)和溫順可愛(ài)的性格，從古老的毛用動(dòng)物一路走進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代家庭的懷抱，成為寵物界備受矚目的明星。

In the world of rabbits, there is a breed that stands out with its astonishing amount of fur and fluffy appearance - the Angora Rabbit. This small animal, jokingly referred to as the "grass mud rabbit" by netizens, has become a highly anticipated star in the pet industry due to its thick and slender fur and gentle and cute personality. It has evolved from an ancient fur animal into the embrace of modern families.

安哥拉兔的起源之謎

The mystery of the origin of Angora rabbits

關(guān)于安哥拉兔的起源，至今流傳著兩種說(shuō)法。根據(jù)國(guó)際ARBA組織的數(shù)據(jù)記載，它源于土耳其的安哥拉省（今安卡拉）。另一種說(shuō)法則認(rèn)為安哥拉兔起源于英國(guó)，后期由法國(guó)人培育而成，因其毛細(xì)長(zhǎng)、形似安哥拉山羊，故得此名。無(wú)論哪種說(shuō)法更接近歷史真相，可以確定的是，這種古老的長(zhǎng)毛兔品種早在18世紀(jì)就已進(jìn)入人類視野——1734年，英國(guó)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了白色長(zhǎng)毛兔的突變種。18世紀(jì)中期，法國(guó)王室將其作為寵物飼養(yǎng)，安哥拉兔由此在18世紀(jì)末風(fēng)靡歐洲。20世紀(jì)初，安哥拉兔傳入美國(guó)；1926年，它正式進(jìn)入中國(guó)。

There are two theories about the origin of Angora rabbits that have been passed down to this day. According to the data records of the international ARBA organization, it originated from Angola Province in Türkiye (today Ankara). Another theory suggests that the Angora rabbit originated in England and was later cultivated by the French. It was named after its slender fur and resemblance to Angora goats. Regardless of which statement is closer to the historical truth, it can be confirmed that this ancient long haired rabbit breed had already entered human vision as early as the 18th century - in 1734, a mutant of the white long haired rabbit was first discovered in England. In the mid-18th century, the French royal family kept Angora rabbits as pets, and Angora rabbits became popular in Europe at the end of the 18th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, Angora rabbits were introduced to the United States; In 1926, it officially entered China.

五大品系各具特色

The five major product lines each have their own characteristics

安哥拉兔大致可分為五個(gè)品系：英系安哥拉兔、法系安哥拉兔、德系安哥拉兔、緞毛安哥拉兔和巨型安哥拉兔。盡管各品系之間存在細(xì)微差別，但它們擁有鮮明的共同特征：除了面部一小部分外，幾乎全身都長(zhǎng)滿濃密的絲狀毛發(fā)，耳朵呈V形，頂端帶有流蘇般的飾毛，眼睛圓而大。毛色豐富多樣，有白、黑、灰、金黃、藍(lán)、朱古力、深褐、淺紫等。

Angora rabbits can be roughly divided into five strains: English Angora rabbits, French Angora rabbits, German Angora rabbits, satin Angora rabbits, and giant Angora rabbits. Although there are subtle differences between different strains, they share distinct common features: except for a small part of the face, almost the entire body is covered in dense filamentous hair, the ears are V-shaped, with tassel like embellishments at the top, and the eyes are round and large. The fur color is rich and diverse, including white, black, gray, golden, blue, chocolate, dark brown, light purple, etc.

其中，德系安哥拉兔以體型大、生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育快、產(chǎn)毛量高著稱，全身被毛潔白濃密且有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，絨毛呈均勻的波浪彎曲。成年公兔體重約4.5千克，母兔約4.9千克，年產(chǎn)毛量公兔可達(dá)1000克，母兔1200克，非常高可超1300克。法系安哥拉兔則更耐粗飼，毛質(zhì)優(yōu)良，繁殖性能高，其與德系的主要區(qū)別在于頭部、面部和耳朵無(wú)毛，耳朵大而厚。英系安哥拉兔是非常受歡迎的寵物品種之一，體型相對(duì)較小，毛質(zhì)柔軟如絲。

Among them, the German Angora rabbit is known for its large body size, fast growth and development, and high hair production. Its entire body is covered with white and dense fur with a tuft structure, and its fur is evenly wavy and curved. Adult male rabbits weigh about 4.5 kilograms and female rabbits weigh about 4.9 kilograms. The annual wool production of male rabbits can reach 1000 grams and female rabbits can reach 1200 grams, with a maximum of over 1300 grams. French Angora rabbits are more tolerant to coarse feeding, have excellent fur quality, and high reproductive performance. The main difference between them and German rabbits is that their head, face, and ears are hairless, and their ears are large and thick. The English Angora rabbit is one of the most popular pet breeds, with a relatively small body size and soft silky fur.

毛用價(jià)值與全球貿(mào)易

The Value of Wool and Global Trade

安哥拉兔是世界上非常著名的毛用型兔品種，在我國(guó)俗稱為長(zhǎng)毛兔。其兔毛直徑僅約11微米，比開(kāi)司米更加纖細(xì)柔軟。毛長(zhǎng)可達(dá)三寸以上，一年可采毛三至五次。兔毛可制作出彩紡織面料，但因帶電性較強(qiáng)，紡織加工存在一定難度。

The Angora rabbit is the most famous breed of hairy rabbit in the world, commonly known as the long haired rabbit in China. Its rabbit hair diameter is only about 11 microns, finer and softer than cashmere. Hair can grow up to three inches in length and can be harvested three to five times a year. Rabbit hair can be used to make high-end textile fabrics, but due to its strong electrical conductivity, there are certain difficulties in textile processing.

全球?qū)ν妹男枨罅肯喈?dāng)可觀。2010年，意大利進(jìn)口兔毛950噸，德國(guó)約500噸。日本自1965年起成為世界非常大的兔毛進(jìn)口國(guó)之一。中國(guó)香港和澳門的毛紡工業(yè)十分發(fā)達(dá)，年出口兔毛衫約占世界貿(mào)易量的三分之一。

The global demand for rabbit hair is considerable. In 2010, Italy imported 950 tons of rabbit hair and Germany imported approximately 500 tons. Japan has been one of the world's largest importers of rabbit fur since 1965. The wool textile industry in Hong Kong and Macau is highly developed, with annual exports of rabbit hair sweaters accounting for about one-third of the world's trade volume.

從古老的安哥拉省到現(xiàn)代的全球家庭，安哥拉兔用一身蓬松的毛發(fā)書寫了跨越三個(gè)世紀(jì)的傳奇。它既是紡織工業(yè)的原材料來(lái)源，更是無(wú)數(shù)家庭中那個(gè)安靜、溫順、讓人忍不住想抱一抱的“活毛球”。

From the ancient province of Angola to modern global households, Angora rabbits have written legends spanning three centuries with their fluffy fur. It is not only the source of raw materials for the textile industry, but also the quiet, gentle, and irresistible "living ball" in countless families.