幼長毛兔黃色糖尿病的發生、防治

　　Occurrence, prevention and treatment of yellow diabetes in young rabbits

　　1、發病原因主要是母長毛兔產前飼養管理不當，產后感染導致炎癥。是由于仔豬吸食了被金黃色葡萄球菌污染的奶或被污染的墊料、墊料而感染仔豬而引起的。

　　1. The main cause of the disease is improper prenatal care and management of female long haired rabbits, which leads to postpartum infection and inflammation. It is caused by piglets being infected by consuming milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or contaminated bedding or bedding.

　　1.1圈舍環境衛生差

　　1.1 Poor sanitation in the enclosure environment

　　有效的消毒防疫制度尚未制定和實施。長毛兔籠、產仔箱、長毛兔舍長期未消毒，環境衛生較差，導致病菌滋生、繁殖。

　　An effective disinfection and epidemic prevention system has not yet been formulated and implemented. Long haired rabbit cages, litter boxes, and long haired rabbit houses have not been disinfected for a long time, and the environmental hygiene is poor, leading to the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

　　1.2 保持架不標準化

　　1.2 Non standardization of retaining frames

　　籠子不規范、太窄、含有尖銳異物、缺乏運動，很容易損傷乳房，導致母長毛兔患乳腺炎。

　　The cage is not standardized, too narrow, contains sharp foreign objects, and lacks movement, which can easily damage the breasts and cause mastitis in female long haired rabbits.

　　1.3 飼料營養平衡

　　1.3 Nutrient balance of feed

　　營養不均衡，或喂食不足，導致母長毛兔營養不良，產奶量不足，幼犬搶奶損傷乳房，引起葡萄球菌感染。

　　Nutritional imbalance or insufficient feeding can lead to malnutrition in female long haired rabbits, insufficient milk production, and damage to breasts caused by puppy milk grabbing, resulting in Staphylococcus infection.

　　1.4飼養管理不善

　　1.4 Poor feeding and management

　　飼喂濕混合物的農民更有可能讓他們的長毛兔子患上黃色糖尿病。這是因為在溫暖的氣候下，潮濕的混合物是細菌繁殖的良好環境，更有利于金黃色葡萄球菌的繁殖。

　　Farmers who feed the wet mixture are more likely to develop yellow diabetes in their long haired rabbits. This is because in warm climates, a moist mixture is a favorable environment for bacterial growth, which is more conducive to the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus.

　　2.臨床癥狀多發生于出生78天內的家長毛兔。發病初期，母長毛兔乳房腫脹、發熱，拒絕哺乳。隨后小長毛兔開始出現異常，排出黃色尿液和稀便，糞便粘在肛門和后肢周圍，并有魚腥味。病后2-3天，小長毛兔精神不振，皮毛斑駁。非常后，它出現了脫水、心力衰竭和體重出彩度減輕的癥狀。4至5天后死亡。死長毛兔腸粘膜充血出血，腸內充滿粘液，膀胱擴張，內有大量黃色液體。

　　2. Clinical symptoms often occur in parents of rabbits within 78 days of birth. In the early stages of the disease, the mother's long haired rabbit breast swells and heats up, and refuses to breastfeed. Subsequently, the little long haired rabbit began to show abnormalities, excreting yellow urine and loose stool, with feces sticking to the anus and hind limbs, and a fishy smell. 2-3 days after illness, the little long haired rabbit is feeling lethargic and its fur is mottled. Finally, it exhibited symptoms of dehydration, heart failure, and extreme weight loss. Died 4 to 5 days later. The intestinal mucosa of the dead long haired rabbit is congested and bleeding, and the intestine is filled with mucus. The bladder is dilated, and there is a large amount of yellow fluid inside.

　　3、治療措施：每日觀察，對精神和飲食習慣異常的乳母和家長毛兔進行仔細檢查。盡早對患病母長毛兔及其后代進行治療，停止對患病母長毛兔的哺乳，為后代找保姆長毛兔，同時對母長毛兔及其后代進行治療。

　　3. Treatment measures: Daily observation and careful examination of nursing mothers and parents with abnormal mental and dietary habits. Treat the sick mother long haired rabbit and its offspring as soon as possible, stop breastfeeding the sick mother long haired rabbit, find a nanny for the offspring long haired rabbit, and treat the mother long haired rabbit and its offspring at the same time.

　　母長毛兔的治療：查找病因，消除致病因素。用0.1% 高錳酸鉀水清潔奶頭。發病初期先冷敷，次日改熱敷，每次20分鐘，每日3次。嚴重者將青霉素5萬單位與普魯卡因注射液30毫升混合，在患處周圍46個點進行皮下封閉注射。對于嚴重的乳房化膿，需要手術排膿，用0.1%高錳酸鉀水清創，撒上消炎粉，用紗布包扎。青霉素鈉5萬單位加魚腥草注射液3毫升肌肉注射，每日2次，連用3天。

　　Treatment of female long haired rabbits: identify the cause and eliminate pathogenic factors. Clean the nipple with 0.1% potassium permanganate water. In the early stages of the disease, apply cold compress first, then switch to hot compress the next day, for 20 minutes each time, 3 times a day. For severe cases, 50000 units of penicillin will be mixed with 30ml of procaine injection and subcutaneously sealed at 46 points around the affected area. For severe breast suppuration, surgical drainage is required, followed by debridement with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, sprinkling with anti-inflammatory powder, and bandaging with gauze. Inject 50000 units of penicillin sodium and 3ml of Houttuynia cordata injection into the muscle twice a day for 3 consecutive days.

　　幼長毛兔治療：全窩飼喂清大微霉素注射液1ml，每日1次，連續3天。嚴重脫水的病長毛兔每只應喂葡萄糖鹽水2ml，每日補充液體3次。一般2-3天就可以恢復。

　　Treatment of young and long haired rabbits: Feed the whole litter with 1ml of Qingda Weimycin Injection once a day for 3 consecutive days. Severely dehydrated diseased long haired rabbits should be fed 2ml of glucose saline solution and supplemented with fluids three times a day. It usually takes 2-3 days to recover.

　　4、預防措施4.1改善圈舍環境衛生，經常清潔長毛兔舍，保持長毛兔舍干燥衛生，保持空氣新鮮。定期對長毛兔籠、長毛兔舍及用具進行消毒，產仔窩采用火焰消毒，墊料使用。撒上菌粉，消毒凈化飼養環境。

　　4. Preventive measure 4.1 Improve the hygiene of the enclosure environment, regularly clean the long haired rabbit house, keep it dry and hygienic, and keep the air fresh. Regularly disinfect the long haired rabbit cage, long haired rabbit house, and utensils, use flame disinfection for the litter box, and use padding. Sprinkle with bacterial powder, disinfect and purify the feeding environment.

　　4.2加強飼喂管理，盡量飼喂全價顆粒飼料，不飼喂或少飼濕拌飼料，以減少病菌生長。隨時檢查和修理籠子，減少母長毛兔的創傷和細菌感染。母長毛兔產期和產后期應適當減少精飼料和多汁青飼料的飼喂。產后，喂奶前用溫水清洗乳房。如果窩數較多，應將其中一些窩分開喂給其他母長毛兔。對于產仔少、泌乳量多的母長毛兔，在泌乳后的非常初幾天，人工擠出多余的乳汁。

　　4.2 Strengthen feeding management, try to feed full price pellet feed as much as possible, do not feed or feed less wet mixed feed to reduce bacterial growth. Check and repair the cage at any time to reduce trauma and bacterial infections in female long haired rabbits. The feeding of concentrated feed and juicy green feed should be appropriately reduced during the postpartum period of female long haired rabbits. After childbirth, clean the breasts with warm water before breastfeeding. If there are many litters, some of them should be separated and fed to other female long haired rabbits. For female long haired rabbits with low litter size and high milk production, excess milk is artificially squeezed out in the first few days after lactation.

　　4.3定期飼喂中藥添加劑益母生化散，提高母長毛兔非特異性免疫力，預防疾病的發生。

　　4.3 Regularly feeding traditional Chinese medicine additive Yimu Biochemical Powder can improve the non-specific immunity of female long haired rabbits and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

　　4.4懷孕母長毛兔臨產時，喂10%葡萄糖溶液加維生素C。即每天配制10%葡萄糖溶液100毫升，加維生素C注射液1次（2毫升），喂她5到6天。不僅給母長毛兔補充營養，還起到清熱解毒的作用。

　　4.4 When pregnant long haired rabbits are about to give birth, they should be fed with a 10% glucose solution plus vitamin C. That is, 100 milliliters of 10% glucose solution should be prepared daily, and vitamin C injection should be added once (2 milliliters) for 5 to 6 days. Not only does it provide nutrition for female long haired rabbits, but it also has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying.

　　4.5 長毛兔出生后，每只長毛兔喂硫酸慶大霉素1ml，每天1次，連續3天。

　　4.5 After birth, each long haired rabbit is fed 1ml of gentamicin sulfate once a day for three consecutive days.

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