如何鑒定母兔發情？

　　How to identify female rabbits in estrus?

　　長毛兔養殖場：（1）、行為觀察法：處于發情期的母兔常表現精神不安，食欲減少，躁動，用下頜摩擦餐具，并有叼草筑窩和隔籠觀望等行為；非發情母兔則沒有這些異常表現。（2）、撫觸法：用手撫摸母兔時，如果母兔發情，則表現溫順，扒貼籠底，展開身子，翹起尾巴。觀察外陰部，外陰部紅潤且有黏液。若母兔不發情，則沒有這些癥狀。（3）試情法：若母兔發情，把母兔放在公兔籠內，母兔主動接近公兔，如公兔性欲不強，母兔會咬舔公兔，甚至爬跨公兔；當公兔追逐并爬跨時，母兔愿意接受，并主動將后軀升高。若母兔不發情，放入公兔籠內，則不讓交配，跑躲甚至撕咬公兔，即使公兔追逐并爬跨時，母兔也不翹尾巴，用尾巴緊緊壓蓋外陰部。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: (1) Behavioral observation method: Female rabbits in estrus often exhibit mental instability, reduced appetite, restlessness, friction of tableware with their lower jaws, and behaviors such as building nests with grass and observing from a cage; Non estrus female rabbits do not exhibit these abnormal symptoms. (2) Touch method: When touching a female rabbit with your hand, if the female rabbit is in heat, show gentleness, stick to the bottom of the cage, unfold your body, and raise your tail. Observe the external genitalia, which is red and has mucus. If the female rabbit is not in heat, then there are no such symptoms. (3) Trial method: If the female rabbit is in heat, place the female rabbit in the male rabbit cage, and the female rabbit will actively approach the male rabbit. If the male rabbit has weak sexual desire, the female rabbit will bite and lick the male rabbit, and even climb over the male rabbit; When the male rabbit chases and crawls, the female rabbit is willing to accept and actively raises her hindquarters. If the female rabbit is not in heat and is placed in a male rabbit cage, mating, running, hiding, or even biting the male rabbit is not allowed. Even when the male rabbit chases and crawls, the female rabbit does not raise its tail and tightly covers the external genitalia with its tail.

　　兔食仔怎么辦？

　　What should I do with the rabbit food?

　　長毛兔養殖場：母兔分娩后出現吞食仔兔的病態，此病大部分出現在初次繁殖的青年母兔。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: After delivery, female rabbits develop a pathological condition of swallowing their offspring, which mostly occurs in young female rabbits that are reproducing for the first time.

　　1、癥狀：母兔因營養不良，生下的仔兔有死胎時，母兔就將其吞食，養成吞食仔兔習慣。母兔產后口渴，籠內沒有配備新鮮飲水或母兔分娩時受到驚嚇，都會出現吞食仔兔現象。

　　1. Symptom: When a mother rabbit gives birth to a stillborn baby rabbit due to malnutrition, she swallows it and develops a habit of swallowing the baby rabbit. Postpartum thirst in female rabbits, lack of fresh water in the cage, or fright during delivery can all lead to swallowing of offspring rabbits.

　　2、防治：（1）預防此病建議保證產前充足礦物質和維生素的攝入。（2）分娩時保證充足潔凈飲水，并保持兔舍安靜。（3）分娩后如有死胎，應立即取出拋棄，防止母兔吞食。

　　2. Prevention and treatment: (1) To prevent this disease, it is necessary to ensure sufficient intake of minerals and vitamins before delivery. (2) Ensure sufficient and clean drinking water during delivery, and keep the rabbit house quiet. (3) If there is a stillbirth after delivery, it should be immediately removed and discarded to prevent the mother rabbit from swallowing it.

　　如何有效防止球蟲病？

　　How to effectively prevent coccidiosis?

　　長毛兔養殖場：兔球蟲病也屬傳染性疾病，在預防方面一般新養兔場、戶認識不到位，自認為只要兔場沒有兔球蟲病的發生就不必預防，這是一種錯誤的觀念，兔球蟲病一旦發生，治療成功率遠遠低于預防成功率。預防方法：①使用兔球速殺，按照每百斤飼料/飲水每半袋混飼或者混飲。②使用球舒康（妥曲珠利溶液）混飲③注射兔球絕殺，每kg體重0.2毫升。癥狀：病兔伴有奔跑、下痢、尖叫或精神不振，肚皮發青，少食或不食，部分因腸球蟲發病兔子可能會出現腹脹。治療：兔球蟲病發生后可以使用預防方案的①③加一倍藥量進行治療，成功率約為60%，所以還是以預防為主為佳，其成功率可高達90-95%。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Rabbit coccidiosis is also an infectious disease. In terms of prevention, new rabbit farms and households generally do not have sufficient understanding. They believe that as long as there is no occurrence of rabbit coccidiosis in the rabbit farm, there is no need to prevent it. This is a wrong concept. Once rabbit coccidiosis occurs, the success rate of treatment is much lower than that of prevention. Prevention method: ① Use rabbit balls to kill quickly, and mix feed/water in half bags per 100 pounds of feed/water. ② Mix Qiu Shu Kang (Tuo Qu Zhu Li solution) with injection of rabbit balls for ultimate kill, 0.2 milliliters per kg body weight. Symptoms: The sick rabbit is accompanied by running, diarrhea, screaming or lack of energy, with a blue belly, eating little or no food, and some rabbits may experience bloating due to intestinal coccidiosis. Treatment: After the occurrence of rabbit coccidiosis, the combination of ① and ③ preventive measures and double the dosage can be used for treatment, with a success rate of about 60%. Therefore, prevention is still the best approach, with a success rate of up to 90-95%.

　　長毛兔患有剪毛蟲，毛大片大片脫落，怎樣防治？

　　Long haired rabbits suffer from shearing caterpillars, and their fur falls off in large patches. How to prevent and treat it?

　　長毛兔養殖場：剪毛蟲病目前還沒有特效藥物治療，主要靠平時的管理，并注意防蟲滅鼠，兔舍、兔籠及用具和兔體保持清潔，注意通風換氣，定期消毒。經常檢查兔被毛及皮膚狀態，發現病兔立即淘汰。對兔群禁喂霉變草料，并補充含維生素A 較多的胡蘿卜和青綠飼料，對用具熏蒸消毒或消毒液浸泡，地面可用20%的石灰水消毒。需要注意的是本病亦可傳染人，盡量減少直接接觸。本病誘發因素多是兔營養不良、環境條件較差，兔舍和兔籠比較臟、舍內潮濕和高濕熱及蚊蟲叮咬；通風不良，飼槽、飲水器、兔籠、墊草等發生霉變時也易引發。本病不分年齡階段，大小兔一年四季都可發生，但主要傳播途徑是兔直接接觸或用具的相互交叉使用以及蚊蟲的叮咬。一般治療方法是先把患部的兔毛剪掉，再用肥皂水或家用消洗靈洗拭，然后用碘酊涂擦；同時口服灰黃霉素，每天每次50毫克，連用15天。對兔籠、兔舍、地面及用具用5%燒堿水消毒，有效凈化環境，有條件的對兔體進行消毒。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Currently, there is no specific drug treatment for caterpillar disease. It mainly relies on daily management and attention to pest and rodent control. Rabbit houses, cages, equipment, and rabbit bodies should be kept clean, ventilated, and regularly disinfected. Regularly check the fur and skin condition of rabbits, and immediately eliminate any diseased rabbits. Prohibit feeding moldy forage to rabbit herds, and supplement carrots and green feed with high vitamin A content. Fumigate or soak utensils in disinfectant solution, and disinfect the ground with 20% lime water. It should be noted that this disease can also be transmitted to humans, so direct contact should be minimized as much as possible. The triggering factors of this disease are often malnutrition in rabbits, poor environmental conditions, dirty rabbit houses and cages, damp and high humidity inside the houses, and mosquito bites; Poor ventilation can also lead to mold growth in feeding troughs, water dispensers, rabbit cages, and bedding. This disease is not classified by age, and can occur in rabbits of all sizes throughout the year. However, the main transmission routes are direct contact with rabbits, cross use of utensils, and mosquito bites. The general treatment method is to first cut off the rabbit hair from the affected area, then wash it with soapy water or household disinfectant, and then apply iodine tincture; Simultaneously take orally oxytetracycline, 50 milligrams per day, for 15 consecutive days. Disinfect rabbit cages, rabbit houses, floors, and utensils with 5% caustic soda water to thoroughly purify the environment, and disinfect rabbit bodies if conditions permit.

　　兔飼料咋加工？

　　How is rabbit feed processed?

　　長毛兔養殖場：炒香料： 將高粱、玉米及豆類等炒后粉碎，這樣能提高適口性和消化率，增加家兔采食量。 粉碎：高粱、玉米、燕麥、大麥等飼料，喂兔前建議粉碎，以提高消化率，非常好生喂或鮮喂。堿化：秸稈或谷秕等飼料，放在缸里或水泥池里，用1%～2%的石灰水浸泡1～2天，撈出用清水洗凈，并稍許陰干即可喂兔。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Stir fry spices: Grind sorghum, corn, beans, etc. after stir frying, which can improve palatability and digestibility, and increase the feed intake of rabbits. Grinding: Sorghum, corn, oats, barley and other feed must be ground before feeding to rabbits to improve digestion rate, preferably raw or fresh. Alkalization: Feed such as straw or chaff is placed in a tank or cement pool, soaked in 1% to 2% lime water for 1-2 days, removed and washed with clean water, and slightly dried in the shade before feeding to rabbits.

　　如何預防母兔乳房炎？

　　How to prevent mastitis in female rabbits?

　　長毛兔養殖場：乳房炎是母兔一種常見多發病，與飼養管理、草料營養等有關，欲有效消除本病，應做到以下幾點：1.保持籠舍潔凈衛生，定期消毒，墊草柔軟，消除硬物鉤刺，防止刺傷乳房而致病。2.定期注射葡萄球菌疫苗，一年3次，4個月不可延期斷檔。3.產仔前后3-5天開始減料，供足飲水，補充青料，此后逐漸恢復。同時口服抗菌優、蘇打片等，防患于未然。4.母兔飼料、環境應相對固定，不宜突然更換，否則，對母兔雖影響不大，但乳質卻有變化。發現疾患，及時治療，同時降低草料營養，調整乳質。另外肌注青霉素、魚腥草或口服抗菌優、蘇打片等。5.對屢患乳房炎和病情嚴重的母兔，建議淘汰處理。

　　Long haired rabbit breeding farm: Mastitis is a common and frequently occurring disease in female rabbits, which is related to feeding management, forage nutrition, etc. To completely eliminate this disease, the following points should be achieved: 1. Keep the cage clean and hygienic, regularly disinfect, pad the grass soft, eliminate hard object hooks and thorns, and prevent puncturing the breasts and causing disease. 2. Regular injection of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, 3 times a year, with a 4-month non renewable interval. 3. Starting 3-5 days before and after giving birth, reduce food intake, provide sufficient drinking water, supplement with green food, and gradually recover thereafter. At the same time, take oral antibiotics, soda tablets, etc. to prevent problems before they occur. 4. The feed and environment for female rabbits should be relatively fixed and should not be changed suddenly. Otherwise, although the impact on female rabbits is not significant, there will be changes in milk quality. Discover diseases, seek timely treatment, while reducing grass nutrition and adjusting milk quality. In addition, intramuscular injection of penicillin, Houttuynia cordata or oral administration of antibacterial agents, soda tablets, etc. 5. It is recommended to eliminate female rabbits with recurrent mastitis and severe conditions.