采毛是長毛兔飼養(yǎng)管理過程中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。

　　Hair harvesting is an important part of the breeding and management process for long haired rabbits.

　　采毛方法一般可以分為剪毛、拔毛和化學(xué)脫毛。

　　The methods of hair harvesting can generally be divided into shearing, plucking, and chemical hair removal.

　　（一）剪毛法

　　（1） Shearing method

　　剪毛是目前使用非常多的采毛方法。1、養(yǎng)毛期生產(chǎn)中一般采用的養(yǎng)毛期為91d或73d，剪毛次數(shù)為每年4~5次，也可根據(jù)不同季節(jié)兔毛生長速度不同，適當(dāng)調(diào)整養(yǎng)毛期。近幾年由于養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的提高和毛紡技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，生產(chǎn)上多采用60d養(yǎng)毛期，提高了兔毛的年產(chǎn)量。2、剪毛方法剪毛一般使用專門的剪刀，先在背部中線位置剪出一條中線分界線，將兔毛分向兩側(cè)，再按照體側(cè)、臀部、頸部、頜下、腹部、四肢及頭部的順序依次剪毛。剪下的兔毛應(yīng)按優(yōu)良毛、臟污毛和短毛分別存放。傳統(tǒng)的剪毛方法是將兔子放到平地或平臺上，一只手保定兔子，一只手剪毛。采用這種方法，操作人員長時間姿勢單一，易疲勞且效率低，也容易傷及兔子。可以采用吊掛式剪毛法：將一根直徑6cm以上的木棍或其他結(jié)實(shí)的橫桿固定在高處，高度可根據(jù)操作人員的身高進(jìn)行調(diào)整；再用繩子拴住待剪毛兔子的兩條前腿，另一端固定在橫桿上，將兔子頭朝上懸掛起來，再在兔子正下方放置一大口徑袋子，剪下的兔毛可直接落入其中，并能保持毛型良好。這種方法操作簡單，工作效率高，操作人員的姿勢相對舒適。但懷孕母兔，尤其是懷孕后期母兔不宜采用這種方法。3、剪毛注意事項(xiàng)(1)剪毛時應(yīng)將皮膚繃緊，剪子放平，貼緊皮膚剪，切忌提起兔毛剪，非常是皮膚皺褶處，以免剪破皮膚。(2)防剪二刀毛（重剪毛）。如一刀剪下后留茬過高，不可修剪，以免因短毛而影響兔毛質(zhì)量。(3)剪腹部毛時要非常注意，切不可剪破母兔的乳頭和公兔的陰囊，接近分娩母兔可暫不剪毛。一旦剪破皮膚，應(yīng)用碘酊消毒，以防感染。(4)冬季剪毛宜選擇在晴天、無風(fēng)時進(jìn)行，并注意剪毛后的防寒保溫，以防感冒。

　　Trimming is currently the most commonly used method of hair harvesting. 1. The commonly used hair raising period in production is 91 days or 73 days, with a shearing frequency of 4-5 times per year. The hair raising period can also be adjusted appropriately according to the different growth rates of rabbit hair in different seasons. In recent years, due to the improvement of breeding technology and wool spinning technology, a 60 day wool raising period has been adopted in production, which has increased the annual output of rabbit hair. 2. The shearing method usually uses specialized scissors. First, a midline boundary line is cut at the midline position of the back, dividing the rabbit hair into two sides. Then, the hair is cut in the order of the body side, buttocks, neck, submandibular, abdomen, limbs, and head. The cut rabbit hair should be stored separately according to high-quality hair, dirty hair, and short hair. The traditional shearing method is to place the rabbit on flat ground or platform, with one hand holding the rabbit and the other hand shearing. Using this method, the operator's posture is monotonous for a long time, which is prone to fatigue and low efficiency, and can also easily harm the rabbit. Hanging shearing method can be used: fix a wooden stick or other sturdy crossbar with a diameter of more than 6cm at a high place, and the height can be adjusted according to the height of the operator; Then tie the two front legs of the rabbit to be sheared with a rope, fix the other end on the crossbar, hang the rabbit head up, and place a large-diameter bag directly below the rabbit. The sheared rabbit hair can fall directly into it and maintain good hair shape. This method is easy to operate, has high work efficiency, and the operator's posture is relatively comfortable. However, pregnant female rabbits, especially those in the later stages of pregnancy, should not use this method. 3. Precautions for shearing: (1) When shearing, the skin should be tightened, the scissors should be placed flat, and the scissors should be tightly attached to the skin. Do not lift the rabbit hair scissors, especially at the folds of the skin, to avoid cutting through the skin. (2) Anti shearing two blade hair (heavy shearing). If the stubble left after a single cut is too high, it should not be trimmed to avoid affecting the quality of rabbit hair due to short hair. (3) When cutting abdominal hair, special attention should be paid to not cutting through the nipples of female rabbits and the scrotum of male rabbits. When approaching childbirth, female rabbits may temporarily not be cut. Once the skin is cut, disinfect it with iodine tincture to prevent infection. (4) Winter shearing should be carried out on sunny and windless days, and attention should be paid to cold insulation after shearing to prevent colds.

　　(二)拔毛法拔毛的特點(diǎn)拔毛是一種重要的采毛方法。手拔毛較長，有利于提高優(yōu)良毛比例。拔毛還可促使毛囊增粗，提高粗毛率。另外，拔毛可促進(jìn)皮膚的代謝機(jī)能，促進(jìn)毛囊發(fā)育，加快兔毛生長，提高產(chǎn)毛量。2、拔毛方法? ? ?拔毛可分為拔長留短和全部拔光兩種。(1)拔長留短這種方法適合在寒冷或換毛季節(jié)采用，每隔30~40d拔毛1次。拔毛時應(yīng)先用梳子梳理被毛，然后用左手固定兔子，用右手拇指、食指和中指，均勻用力拔取一小撮一小撮的長毛，切忌大撮大撮地粗暴拔毛，以防撕裂皮膚。一般先拔粗毛，后拔細(xì)毛，留下短毛繼續(xù)生長。(2)部分拔毛法先拔背部或一側(cè)的兔毛，30d以后再拔其他部位或另外二側(cè)。3、注意事項(xiàng)(1)幼兔皮膚嫩薄，第一次采毛不宜采用拔毛法，否則易損傷皮膚。

　　（2） The characteristics of hair plucking method: Hair plucking is an important hair harvesting method. Pulling hair by hand is longer, which is beneficial for increasing the proportion of high-quality hair. Pulling hair can also promote hair follicle thickening and increase the rate of coarse hair. In addition, hair removal can promote the metabolic function of the skin, promote hair follicle development, accelerate rabbit hair growth, and increase hair production. 2. The methods of plucking hair can be divided into two types: plucking long and leaving short, and plucking completely. (1) The method of pulling out the long and leaving the short is suitable for use in cold or changing hair seasons, with hair pulled out every 30-40 days. When plucking hair, first comb the coat with a comb, then use your left hand to fix the rabbit, and use your right thumb, index finger, and middle finger to evenly pull out a small handful of long hair. Avoid rough plucking of large clumps to prevent tearing of the skin. Generally, the coarse hair is plucked first, followed by the fine hair, leaving short hair to continue growing. (2) The partial hair removal method first removes the rabbit hair from the back or one side, and then removes the other parts or the other two sides after 30 days. 3. Note (1) The skin of young rabbits is tender and thin, and it is not advisable to use the plucking method for the first hair collection, otherwise it may damage the skin.

　　(2)妊娠、哺乳母兔及配種期公兔不宜采用拔毛法，否則易引起流產(chǎn)、泌乳量下降及影響公兔的配種效果。(3)對被毛密度較大的長毛兔不宜采用拔毛法。

　　(2) Pregnant and lactating female rabbits, as well as male rabbits during mating, should not use the hair pulling method, as it may cause miscarriage, decreased milk production, and affect the mating performance of male rabbits. (3) It is not advisable to use the hair pulling method for long haired rabbits with high hair density.

　　(三)藥物脫毛利用從法國PROVAL公司引進(jìn)的Lagodendron植物脫毛劑試驗(yàn)表明，以每千克體重18 g Lagodendron脫毛效果較好，產(chǎn)毛量與拔毛相當(dāng)，較剪毛產(chǎn)毛量高，且省時省力。兩次Lagodendron脫毛以后，粗毛率提高，提粗效果較拔毛明顯。使用這種藥物時，有少數(shù)個體出現(xiàn)口腔流涎和糞便干燥的現(xiàn)象。使用成本較高。

　　（3） The use of Lagodendron plant hair removal agent imported from PROVAL company in France has shown that using 18 g Lagodendron per kilogram of body weight has better hair removal effect, with hair production comparable to plucking, higher than shearing, and time-saving and labor-saving. After two sessions of Lagodendron hair removal, the coarse hair rate increased and the thickening effect was more significant than that of hair removal. When using this medication, a small number of individuals may experience oral drooling and dry stool. The usage cost is relatively high.

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