蒙陰長毛兔的預防

Prevention of Rabbit Disease

長毛兔屬于小動物，以籠養(yǎng)為主，其抵抗力不如牛、羊和豬強。而且長毛免疾病種類繁多，包括傳染病、寄生蟲病等，其中傳染病危害非常嚴重。這些疾病往往可大批發(fā)生，發(fā)病率和死亡率均很高，嚴重時可導致全群死亡，給養(yǎng)免生產(chǎn)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。為了保障養(yǎng)免生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，提高養(yǎng)免的經(jīng)濟效益，養(yǎng)免建議要堅持「預防為主」的方針，否則，一旦出現(xiàn)疫情就顯得十分被動。因此，加強長毛兔疾病日常預防工作，采取綜合性預防措施，控制免病發(fā)生是保障免群健康發(fā)展和提高生產(chǎn)效益的重要措施。

Long haired rabbits are small animals mainly raised in captivity, and their resistance is not as strong as that of cows, sheep, and pigs. Moreover, there are various types of long hair immune diseases, including infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, etc., among which infectious diseases pose the most serious harm. These diseases can often occur in large numbers, with a high incidence rate and mortality rate, which can lead to the death of the whole population in serious cases, and cause huge economic losses in food supply and free production. In order to ensure the development of vaccination production and improve its economic benefits, vaccination must adhere to the principle of "prevention first". Otherwise, once an epidemic occurs, it will appear very passive. Therefore, strengthening the daily prevention of diseases in long haired rabbits, adopting comprehensive preventive measures, and controlling the occurrence of diseases are important measures to ensure the healthy development of the immune population and improve production efficiency.

飼養(yǎng)管理

Feeding management

加強飼養(yǎng)管理，是增強長毛兔機體抵抗疾病能力、防止傳染病發(fā)生的重要措施。在飼養(yǎng)過程中應該做好以下工作。

Strengthening feeding management is an important measure to enhance the disease resistance ability of long haired rabbits and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. The following tasks should be done well during the breeding process.

1.分群飼養(yǎng)，實施科學飼喂的方式

1. Group feeding and implementing scientific feeding methods

應按長毛兔的年齡、性別分群飼養(yǎng)，成年長毛免，尤其是公兔應該單籠飼養(yǎng)。由于長毛兔白天除采食外，多靜伏于籠內(nèi)，夜間卻十分活躍，采食也頻繁，因此，要根據(jù)長毛兔的生活習性喂食。為防止夜間精料被老鼠偷吃及由此可導致飼料被污染而有潛在發(fā)生傳染病的可能，早晨喂精料應是日糧的 1/3，傍晚喂日糧的2/3，中午和夜間各喂1次青綠飼料。

Long haired rabbits should be raised in groups according to their age and gender. Adult long haired rabbits, especially male rabbits, should be raised in single cages. Due to the fact that long haired rabbits are mostly quiet in their cages during the day, except for feeding, they are very active at night and frequently feed. Therefore, feeding should be based on the living habits of long haired rabbits. To prevent mice from stealing night time feed and potentially causing contamination of the feed, which could lead to the risk of infectious diseases, feed 1/3 of the daily feed in the morning, 2/3 of the daily feed in the evening, and green feed once at noon and once at night.

長毛兔是草食動物，應以青粗飼料為主精料為輔，所以飼料配方應按長毛兔所需營養(yǎng)成分合理搭配。由于一年四季飼料的原料種類不同，所以在變換飼料時要逐步過渡，可以先更換1/3，間隔幾天再更換 1/3，大約在 10 天更換結(jié)束，并要做到定時、定量，只有這樣才可能使長毛兔的消化機能逐漸適應變換的飼料，避免由于突然更換飼料而引起長毛免的消化道疾病等。

Long haired rabbits are herbivores and should be fed mainly with green roughage and supplemented with refined feed. Therefore, the feed formula should be reasonably matched according to the nutritional requirements of long haired rabbits. Due to the different types of raw materials used in feed throughout the year, it is necessary to gradually transition when changing feed. One third of the feed can be changed first, and then another third can be changed every few days. The replacement should be completed in about 10 days, and it should be done regularly and quantitatively. Only in this way can the digestive function of long haired rabbits gradually adapt to the changed feed, avoiding digestive diseases such as long haired immunity caused by sudden changes in feed.

2.注意飲水、飼草和飼料的衛(wèi)生

2. Pay attention to the hygiene of drinking water, forage and feed

水是所有動物機體所不可缺少的重要成分，因為水可幫助動物對吃進體內(nèi)食物的消化、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收，把營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)運送到身體各個組織器官，還有助于新陳代謝產(chǎn)生的廢物和有害物質(zhì)的排泄以及調(diào)節(jié)體溫、保持體溫的穩(wěn)定。當長毛免體內(nèi)出現(xiàn)不同程度的缺水時，就會發(fā)生各種各樣的疾病。夏季氣溫很高，長毛免更離不開水，因長毛兔身上缺少汗腺，靠呼吸散發(fā)體內(nèi)的熱量，呼吸越快，呼出的水汽越多，此時長毛免若得不到水的補充，就容易中暑。母兔在分娩過程中消耗很多水分，若此時母免得不到水分，就會發(fā)生吃仔免現(xiàn)象。

Water is an essential component of all animal bodies, as it helps animals digest food they consume, absorb nutrients, transport nutrients to various tissues and organs, excrete waste and harmful substances produced by metabolism, regulate body temperature, and maintain temperature stability. When there is varying degrees of dehydration in the long haired immune system, various diseases can occur. In summer, the temperature is very high, and long haired rabbits cannot do without water. Due to the lack of sweat glands on their bodies, long haired rabbits rely on breathing to dissipate heat from their bodies. The faster they breathe, the more water vapor they exhale. At this time, if long haired rabbits do not receive water supplementation, they are prone to heatstroke. During childbirth, female rabbits consume a lot of water. If the mother does not have enough water at this time, it can lead to the phenomenon of feeding offspring without proper hydration.

母免哺乳期要分泌大量乳汁，若體內(nèi)缺水，會使乳汁過濃，仔兔吮吸不暢，仔兔若咬破母兔的乳頭而使其感染葡萄球菌，可使母兔患乳腺炎，又會導致仔兔發(fā)生黃尿病。在飼養(yǎng)過程中也常見一些長毛免精神委頓，食欲不振，糞便干燥、粗糙，這是輕度缺水造成的。有的糞便細硬，形似赤豆，或幼免糞便細小似人丹，這說明長毛兔已嚴重缺水。對水質(zhì)的要求，不要喂河塘的不潔水或非流動水。若無自來水，可以用井水。夏天在飲水中可添加 0.5%食鹽，切忌在冬季飲用冰水。

During the lactation period, the mother needs to secrete a large amount of milk. If there is a lack of water in the body, the milk will be too thick, making it difficult for the baby rabbit to suckle. If the baby rabbit bites through the mother rabbit's nipple and becomes infected with Staphylococcus aureus, it can cause the mother rabbit to suffer from mastitis and lead to the baby rabbit developing jaundice. During the feeding process, it is also common for some long haired animals to experience mental fatigue, loss of appetite, dry and rough feces, which are caused by mild dehydration. Some feces are fine and hard, resembling red beans, or the feces of young rabbits are small and resemble human pills, indicating that long haired rabbits are severely dehydrated. The requirement for water quality is not to feed unclean or non flowing water to rivers and ponds. If there is no tap water, well water can be used. Add 0.5% salt to drinking water in summer, and avoid drinking ice water in winter.

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