在實際生產(chǎn)過程當中，總會有一些兔子會因為這樣或那樣的原因而出現(xiàn)某些部位生長發(fā)育不協(xié)調(diào)，甚至是先天性的生長缺陷。而這一現(xiàn)象通常是由于遺傳因素所導致的。只是這些遺傳缺陷發(fā)生的幾率比較低而已。

　　In the actual production process, there will always be some rabbits that may experience growth and development disorders in certain parts, or even congenital growth defects, due to various reasons. And this phenomenon is usually caused by genetic factors. It's just that the probability of these genetic defects occurring is relatively low.

　　長毛兔

　　Long haired rabbit

　　1.水腫眼：患病兔子眼睛圓睜，突出如牛眼。2-3周齡后，眼球變大且有清楚的角膜，或是出現(xiàn)青色的云霧狀，隨后角膜逐漸變得扁平、渾濁，眼球突出，并發(fā)結膜炎，視力明顯衰退。患有此病的公兔性欲減退，精液品質(zhì)下降。“牛眼”畸形是由位于常染色體上的隱性基因bu所致。有人發(fā)現(xiàn)，當飼料中提高維生素a的水平時，“牛眼”基因的外顯率降低，因此“牛眼”可能是由于bu基因阻礙了β- 胡蘿卜素轉(zhuǎn)化為維生素a的過程而發(fā)生的。兔的“牛眼”崎形多見于白化體兔中，在我國則多見于安哥拉兔和大耳白兔。

　　1. Edema eyes: The diseased rabbit's eyes are wide open and protruding like cow's eyes. After 2-3 weeks of age, the eyeballs become larger and have clear corneas, or appear as blue clouds and mist. Subsequently, the corneas gradually become flattened and cloudy, the eyeballs protrude, and conjunctivitis occurs, leading to a significant decline in vision. Male rabbits suffering from this disease have decreased libido and decreased semen quality. The "bull's eye" malformation is caused by a recessive gene bu located on the autosome. It has been found that when the level of vitamin A in feed is increased, the penetrance of the "bovine eye" gene decreases. Therefore, "bovine eye" may occur due to the obstruction of the conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A by the bu gene. The "bull's eye" shape of rabbits is more common in albino rabbits, and in China, it is more common in Angora rabbits and large eared white rabbits.

　　2.下頜頜突崎形：這種畸形的特點是下頜向前移位，上下門齒間咬合錯位，結果門齒只生長而不磨損，第一上門齒向口腔內(nèi)卷曲生長，下門齒因卷曲度小于上門齒而伸出唇外。下頜頜突畸形，可以由環(huán)境和遺傳原因所引起，遺傳原因是由于常染色體隱性基因mp的作用所致，使脊椎骨和顱底骨異常生長，導致下頜向前移位，病兔采食困難，如不及時修剪，會因饑餓而死亡。

　　2. Mandibular protrusion and malocclusion: The characteristic of this deformity is the forward displacement of the lower jaw, the misalignment of the upper and lower incisors, resulting in the incisors only growing without wear. The first upper incisor curls and grows into the oral cavity, while the lower incisor protrudes out of the lip due to its smaller curvature than the upper incisor. Mandibular protrusion deformity can be caused by environmental and genetic factors. Genetic factors are due to the action of the autosomal recessive gene mp, which causes abnormal growth of vertebrae and skull base bones, leading to mandibular displacement and difficulty in feeding in diseased rabbits. If not trimmed in time, they may die of hunger.

　　3.八字腿：所謂“八字腿”是指病兔的四肢不能收至腹下，行走時腹部著地，無力站立，輕者可作短距離滑行，重者多呈癱瘓狀態(tài)。引起“八字腿”畸形的遺傳因素至今尚未弄清，有待進一步研究，但可以肯定這種畸形屬于常染色體隱性遺傳所致。

　　3. Bazi Leg: The so-called "Bazi Leg" refers to the condition where the limbs of a sick rabbit cannot be retracted to below the abdomen, and when walking, the abdomen touches the ground, making it unable to stand. Mild cases can perform short distance gliding, while severe cases often result in paralysis. The genetic factors that cause the deformity of "eight character legs" are still unclear and require further research, but it can be confirmed that this deformity is caused by autosomal recessive inheritance.

　　要避免遺傳缺陷，首先還是要避免不正當繁殖

　　To avoid genetic defects, the first step is to prevent improper reproduction

　　4.“劃水”崎形：這是指兔子在行走時的一種姿勢。病兔在2-3周齡前與正常兔完全相似，隨后即可觀察到前肢逐漸向內(nèi)彎曲呈弓形，而腳爪外撇。到2-3月齡時，整個前肢形狀出彩似海豹前肢，行走時腹部貼地，前肢向體軀兩側平伸，前后滑動，類似在水中劃水游動。

　　4. "Rowing" Saki: This refers to a posture of a rabbit while walking. Sick rabbits are completely similar to normal rabbits before 2-3 weeks of age, and then it can be observed that the forelimbs gradually bend inward in an arch shape, while the claws are outward. At 2-3 months of age, the shape of the entire forelimb is very similar to that of a seal's forelimb. When walking, the abdomen is pressed against the ground, and the forelimb extends horizontally to both sides of the body, sliding back and forth, similar to swimming in water.

　　劃水畸形在遺傳上稱遺傳性遠側前肢彎曲僻形，受常染色體隱性基因fc控制。也有人認為，這種畸形可能與環(huán)境因素有關。當兔籠中的籠底板竹條方向與籠門平行時，困行條表面光滑，采食時前肢經(jīng)常向兩側打滑，日久天長影響了前肢骨骼的正常生長，并損傷了前肢與有關節(jié)的正常結合，從而形成“劃水”畸形。

　　Rowing deformity is genetically known as hereditary distal limb curvature and is controlled by the autosomal recessive gene fc. Some people also believe that this deformity may be related to environmental factors. When the bamboo strips on the bottom plate of the rabbit cage are parallel to the cage door, the surface of the trapping strips is smooth. During feeding, the forelimbs often slip to both sides, which affects the normal growth of the forelimb bones over time and damages the normal combination of the forelimbs and joints, resulting in a "water crossing" deformity.

　　5.抖抖病：該病非常早發(fā)現(xiàn)于德國，病兔在10-14日齡時開始出現(xiàn)癥狀，非常初是整個身體和頭部連續(xù)地微微抖動，隨著病情的加重震顫越來越厲害，當兔子處于睡眠狀態(tài)時震顫隨之停止，一旦受到突然驚嚇，顫抖加劇;2月齡時后肢開始癱瘓，逐漸擴展到前肢，至3月齡時完全癱瘓。震顫病由常染色體隱性基因tr所致。病兔常因虛弱或感染其他疾病而死亡，少量康復公兔常因精液品質(zhì)下降而導致不育。

　　5. Tremor disease: This disease was first discovered in Germany, and the affected rabbits began to show symptoms at 10-14 days of age. Initially, the entire body and head trembled slightly continuously, and as the condition worsened, the tremors became more severe. When the rabbit was in a sleep state, the tremors stopped, and once suddenly startled, the tremors intensified; At 2 months of age, the hind limbs begin to become paralyzed, gradually extending to the forelimbs, and by 3 months of age, they become completely paralyzed. Tremor disease is caused by the autosomal recessive gene TR. Sick rabbits often die due to weakness or infection with other diseases, and a small number of recovered male rabbits often suffer from infertility due to decreased semen quality.

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