影響長毛兔種兔繁殖力的5大主要因素

　　The 5 main factors affecting the reproductive capacity of long haired rabbit breeds

　　溫度

　　temperature

　　環境溫度對家兔的繁殖性能影響較為明顯，超過30℃即引起食欲下降，性欲降低。持續高溫可使睪丸產生精子減少，甚至不產生精子。高溫可影響性欲，但高溫過后能很快恢復，而精液品質的恢復則需要2個月左右的時間，因為精子的發生、發育到成熟排出，要一個半月左右的時間。這可能就是秋季天氣已涼爽但配種受胎率仍然不高的原因。這種影響，對長毛兔尤其是德系安哥拉兔更為明顯，對皮肉兔的影響相對較小。

　　The environmental temperature has a significant impact on the reproductive performance of rabbits, with a decrease in appetite and sexual desire when it exceeds 30 ℃. Continuous high temperatures can reduce or even prevent the production of sperm in the testicles. High temperature can affect sexual desire, but it can quickly recover after high temperature, while the recovery of semen quality takes about 2 months because the occurrence, development, maturity, and ejaculation of sperm take about one and a half months. This may be the reason why the autumn weather is cool but the breeding and conception rate is still not high. This effect is more pronounced on long haired rabbits, especially German Angora rabbits, and relatively less on skin meat rabbits.

　　低溫對家兔繁殖力也有一定影響，環境溫度低于5℃，性欲減退。當然，寒冷季節繁殖力低的原因，除低溫的影響外，還有營養因素、冬季青飼料缺乏引起的維生素不足等。

　　Low temperature also has a certain impact on the reproductive ability of rabbits, with a decrease in sexual desire when the ambient temperature is below 5 ℃. Of course, the reasons for low reproductive capacity in cold seasons include not only the impact of low temperatures, but also nutritional factors and vitamin deficiencies caused by a lack of winter green feed.

　　營養

　　nutrition

　　據國外研究指出，高營養水平往往影響卵泡發育和排卵率降低。在交配后第9天觀察受精卵著床數，高營養水平的胚胎死亡率為44％，而低營養水平僅18％，前者活胎兒數平均僅3．8只，后者為6只。

　　According to foreign research, high nutritional levels often affect follicular development and reduce ovulation rates. On the 9th day after mating, the number of fertilized eggs implanted was observed. The mortality rate of embryos with high nutrient levels was 44%, while those with low nutrient levels were only 18%. The average number of live fetuses in the former was only 3.8, while in the latter it was 6.

　　營養水平過低或營養不多維度，對家兔繁殖力也有不利影響。因為繁殖性能很大程度上受腦垂體機能的影響，營養貧乏直接影響到腦垂體的機能。

　　Low or incomplete nutritional levels can also have adverse effects on the reproductive capacity of rabbits. Because reproductive performance is largely influenced by the function of the pituitary gland, malnutrition directly affects the function of the pituitary gland.

　　隱睪或單睪

　　Cryptorchidism or Monorchidism

　　公兔隱睪或單睪是一種生理缺陷，配種不能使母兔受胎或受胎率不高。因為隱睪或單睪公兔不能產生精子或產生精子能力較差。

　　Male rabbit cryptorchidism or monorchidism is a physiological defect that prevents female rabbits from conceiving or results in a low conception rate during mating. Because male rabbits with cryptorchidism or monorchidism cannot produce sperm or have poor sperm production ability.

　　使用不當

　　improper use

　　公兔休閑期后可能出現暫時性不育，但在第一次配種后即消失。公兔長期不配種，首次配種要進行復配，如果人工授精，首次采的精液棄去不用。母兔長期空懷或初配過遲，卵巢機能減退，往往使母兔妊娠困難。

　　After the leisure period, male rabbits may experience temporary infertility, but it disappears after the first mating. If male rabbits do not breed for a long time, they need to be mixed for the first breeding. If artificial insemination is performed, the semen collected for the first time should be discarded and not used. Long term empty pregnancy or delayed initial mating of female rabbits, coupled with decreased ovarian function, often make it difficult for them to conceive.

　　種兔年齡

　　Rabbit breeding age

　　種兔的年齡明顯地影響其繁殖性能，1歲～2歲的種兔隨著年齡的增長，繁殖性能提高。2歲以后繁殖性能逐漸下降。一般種兔使用3年左右，3歲以上除個別優秀者外，不宜再作種用。

　　The age of breeding rabbits significantly affects their reproductive performance, and the reproductive performance of breeding rabbits aged 1-2 years increases with age. After the age of 2, reproductive performance gradually declines. Generally, breeding rabbits should be used for about 3 years, and those over 3 years old should not be used for breeding except for a few excellent ones.

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